CHAPTER 8
There are 4 different methods
of preinstructional strategies for introducing an instructional unit.
A) PREINSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
1.PRETESTS Set of questions directly relevant to the
instruction as to help learner identify and focus for the main ideas in the
instruction
Pretest should be relatively
short so as not to delay the start of the instruction.Questions are open ended.
2.BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES
The objectives the designer
has developed or presents them as goal statements describing the behaviour
the students must master
Avoid being too detailed but
be general to keep the list shorter.
3.OVERVIEWS
Similar to summary written as
paragraphs of prose rather than a list of items.Provide a summary to a content
and create a problem requesting the learner to solve by referring to the unit.
4.ADVANCE ORGANIZER
The kind of similar to
overview but written of a higher level of abstraction.Try to use general terms
which are easy to understand and remember,use expository organizers if the learner
is unfamiliar with the content.
B) MESSAGE DESIGN FOR THE TEXT
a. A set of
distinctive words or typography
b.Coherence
of the text
Logical orderly and
consistent relation of text which helps learner to recall the information.
c.Match of the content and
learners background which will make sense fort he learner to comprehend the
content of the information.
CRITERIA FOR GOOD TEXT LAYOUT
1.Suitable headings,(They
should represent the content
2.Suitable White space
Correct whit space will add
mood to read and easier for memorising.
3.Coherence of The Text
It helps learnerto recall the
information
4.Good Relevant Typographical
Variations
Signaling the structure of
the information by varying the type boldface italic,etc..Dont use more than 3
types of font.
Explicit signals;Pointer
words which alert the learbers to what to expect on the following sentence
paragraph and chapter.(lists,comparison contrasts,temporal sequence,cause and
effect,definition and example)
C)PICTURES and GRAPHICS IN
INSTRUCTION
Visual images aid and enhance
the undertsanding of text content
There are 5 types of Graphic
Instruction
1.Decoration
2.Rrepreseantation
3.Organızation
4.Interpretation (functions
to explain complşcated cycles to make comprehension easier)
5.Transformation (functions
as a mnemonic)
Usage of graphic;
1.Enhance learning
2.Availability
3.Cost of reproducing
After reading this chapter,I recognise the importance of using signals with
heading graphs pictures font types etc..
All
these things have great influence on learning process and understanding
objectives we should pay more attention
these instructional message strategies in order to design a qualified and
effective instruction.
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